Part 1 of the series USS Liberty: “It is God who at sea”
These are the events of that day we call 9 / 11 that the woman doctor spoiled awakened to the fact that people on the ground in the world hated the U.S. until they can target and kill innocent Americans.
I do not react with fear, but curiosity. I did not buy that President Bush has encouraged all of us if we wanted to help. I wanted to answer my questions and the MSM was not asked, and Congress has not demanding.
Seven years ago I was a type uninformed, misinformed American, but with all the diligence and perseverance, I learned a lot. But it was only in June 2005 and my first trip to the little town of Bethlehem: occupied territory had to take my anger against the Empire, the U.S. military occupation of Palestine, the loyalty of the government of Israel.
Only the termination of weapons of mass destruction of Israel, Mordechai Vanunu program have told me things I had never heard before, I wake up to the depth of the disappointment of America “best allies” and blind collusion of the U.S. government. It was a rooftop restaurant in East Jerusalem, where they serve the fish with the head and skeleton intact and fries on the side, that Vanunu blew my mind, “Did you know that President Kennedy to Israel to make nuclear weapons to stop trying? In 1963, he forced Prime Minister Ben Gurion to admit the Dimona is not a textile factory, a sign outside proclaimed, but a nuclear plant. The Prime Minister said: “The reactor is only for peace. ” Kennedy insisted on an open internal inspection. He letters demanding that Ben Gurion open the Dimona for inspection in writing. When Johnson became president, he made an agreement with Israel that two senators come every year for inspection. Before visiting senators, is that the Israelis build a wall to block the elevators and stairs underground. From 1963 to ‘69, came the Senators, but she never knew about the wall that hid the rest of the Dimona from them. ”
It was not until October 13, 2007, when Phil Tourney, survivor of the boatswain and the attack on the USS Liberty has confirmed that “God was that we have in life” to “more wars for Israel “Conference in Irvine, California, I woke up to that day in infamy forty years ago, which remains” the only incident of damage to a major U.S. ship since the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in 1898, before the Spanish-American War, not by the U.S. Congress to investigate. “Captain Joseph Tully, commander of the USS Saratoga, page 175, Operation Cyanide, by Peter Hounam .
On November 2, 2007, I spoke by phone with his colleague from Florida, a survivor of the USS Liberty, and the current president of the USS Liberty Veterans Association’S, Ernie Gallo, who was a master of communication and technicians on freedom. We shared our frustrations and justice for freedom by invoking professing Christians and our Republican Senator Mel Martinez.
Ernie quipped: “I met a lawyer Martinez and let me tell you that Congress does not move a finger to help us.” AIPAC would crucify them, our government is not blocking has come say something about freedom.
For forty years our government has a denial of justice to our veterans and crucified, because the truth: “We will not make an ally in trouble.”-President Lyndon Johnson, June 8, 1967.
Forty years ago, the U.S. government has agreed with Israel not only in treason cover up the attack on the USS Liberty survivors have been “asked to remain under the threat of court martial, imprisonment or worse silence … The U.S. government has never asked for forgiveness obviously fake Israeli “mistaken identity” and did not try to get coverage up to dishonorable who were still current. truth the honor of America shamefully sacrificed to cover the lies of Israel and transparently despicable act of perfidy to offer .- Phillip F. Tourney, President USS Liberty Veterans Association, June 8, 2007, Marriott Courtyard, VA .
Veterans of the USS Liberty, an open panel repeated independent investigation of the unprovoked and horrific attack on them and only pro-forma letters received by an employee at the White House in this administration said that the attack already been requested examined.
“This is a naked-lie!” Tournament wrote in a postscript to our commander in chief in his last appeal.
“The declassification of government documents and the recollections of former military … have shown [that] the Israelis knew that the attack on a U.S. warship. The documents also suggest that the U.S. government, anxious to spare Israel’s reputation and preserve its alliance with the United States, closed the case with what even some of the participants now say, a hasty and wrong has been studied seriously. -
http://www. chicagotribune. Edition en / services / newspaper / printing
tuesday/chi-liberty_tuesoct02, 0.1050179. Story? coll = chi_business_ugc
“Israel has come with murder in cold blood” Forty years ago the CIA and NSA all threatened the survivors not to talk! Me so scared, I’m not twenty years … Israel wanted the world believe that Egypt [committed the crime] … Thirty-four were killed and 172 were from a crew of 294 … The Israeli planes violated marked the star of David, we would not know who attacked us, was … Our keel was broken, we would have sunk but God kept us alive … Eighteen hours after the attack we were rescued … McNamara said: “We did not attack our allies.” As McNamara know who attacked us? “- Phillip tournament, October 13, 2007.
“JQ” Tony “Hart, then a chief petty officer, in a relay station U.S. Navy in Morocco, at the communication between Washington and the 6th Fleet, listening remembered as secretary Defense Robert McNamara, in Washington, ordered Rear-Admiral Lawrence Geis cons, America’s battle group commander, bringing to the jets home. When Geis protested that the Liberty was attacked and needed help, said Hart, McNamara retorted that “President [Lyndon Johnson] does not go to war or embarrass an ally of the United States on a couple of sailors.”
“The Johnson administration not publicly challenged the right of Israel that the attack was nothing more to be a fatal mistake. But internal White House documents from the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library show that the Israelis’ explanation of how the error had not occurred obtained previously thought. In addition to McNamara, senior officials of the Secretary of State Dean Rusk on down privately with the intelligence adviser Johnson, Clark Clifford, who said a few minutes a meeting National Security Council staff was cited as an agreement to “unthinkable” that the attack was a case of mistaken identity. “The attack could only be voluntary,” the director of NSA, Lt. Gen. Marshall Carter, later told Congress. [Ibid]
Ernie Gallo had been above the water line, that freedom torpedo struck and he told this reporter: “It was a beautiful sunny day and clear all morning Israeli reconnaissance plane flew over us, I I counted twelve in Flight and I came so close they could see the faces of the pilots we were restless and he dipped his wings in passing. We were all very comfortable, because they were our allies. This morning, Captain McGonagle called drill a general ward. This is a particular type of urgent establishment, I can not remember what was piercing comedy, but to test our skills and the captain was very happy. Because we were on dangerous ground he kept the Gunners Manning the machine gun, two guys in each “nest”, which was unusual for them to stay in flak jackets and helmets for heavy drilling, but we knew that we were at home in hostile territory. But we all, boys are sunbathing and we were all happy because we saw our friends the Israelis in the sky. We were all very relaxed because of its flights, it was like a scene McCales Navy.
“It was about half past one after lunch, when the markers had attacked us and they knew to be the case, the communication antennas! They knew that guns are not a threat, the pilots were very careful to Antennas to cast. Then two napalm bombs on us, miraculously the fire completely put out, and although the fire hoses mounted bullet, like a garden hose and any CO2 cartridge was used board that the fire could have easily entered the boat, but firefighters kept cool and not to do. A flagman constantly observed, that our flag was hoisted, the first burned in the fire, but within minutes it raised his flag and leave our boat was well marked by the USS LIBERTY on it.
“It was the torpedo boats came towards us, I saw the Star of David again. But the Israelis say mistaken identity for giving us the little-known El Quseir, an Egyptian transport ship that only carried horses [and was a third the size of Freedom] and was contained and the use for one year. Freedom was at least forty antenna nor Israel have made a mistake when we identify, if ever heard in a court, it would be incredible!
“I was a ghost,” an Interceptor, CT; Communication technician. At that time, the NSA security groups in all branches of military service. Normal operation was only for four months at a time, up and down along the African coast, all around in the atmosphere, the waves, I would be guarded. The CT had a variety of talents, administrators, linguists, Morse code operators, communicators and experts in electronics, that’s what I did was work all the equipment.
“We all worked behind closed doors, locked doors, no one knew the rest of the team at all, as we did. Our goal with everything in life was to intercept the message, UHF, LHF, waves long and short. There were two huge Christmas tree antennas on freedom. Mid-ship there was a pedestal with a flat foot has made sixteen ski resorts. How could they take us for a horse carrying ship is incredible .
“You know that if the North Koreans attacked the Pueblo, they wanted to take it? The North Koreans have had the opportunity to perform on several occasions. The Israelis did not give us one! Could Each torpedo approached and asked us to surrender or they follow, but never took place.
“The most wonderful, I honestly believe the Lord has saved liberty for a reason, and was at that time in the world … The ship, built in 1944, freedom was a converted cargo ship and the mechanics of ship must have broken and sunk! sunk a foot or less of those torpedo hit and would we! But the torpedo hit a double, and energy absorption reinforcement and took us by air to blow. ”
In 1967, John Hrankowski, was nineteen years and his third trip to freedom. “I worked in the engineering department, responsible for air conditioning, electricity, water and steam. I was topside from scratch, when the rays of shrapnel knocked me down. I returned to my headquarters space in the boiler room when the call was: “This is not an exercise, we are attacked.”
“Fifteen meters and reached the torpedo struck the vessel from the water, if it had hit the tank mix the vapor pressure of 750 degrees in cold water like a torpedo exploded nuclear bomb would have been!
“The lights went out, the generator was struck, gnats flying around me like fire, it was dangerous, but beautiful anyway. I worked with a lantern to keep themselves in power under control. If the boiler exploded, the ship would have crashed to! ”
One of the men who was below the water surface when the torpedo was hit Ron Kukal that the chaplain of the USS Liberty Vets Association. In an e-mail me at October 22, 2007, he said: “The June 8, 1967, during the Vietnam War, I was aboard a Navy ship named the USS Liberty. The ship was decommissioned in the waters off the coast of Israel during the Six Day War “… It may be that the only reason God saved the freedom we had to tell our story.
“The ship was 15 miles off the coast of navigation in international waters when the IDF’s attack. She was subjected to torpedoes, fire 50-caliber machine guns, napalm and rockets. There are more than 800 holes were in custody after the attack, she announced about 10 degrees to starboard, and was on fire in many places. Thirty-four men were killed and nearly 70% of the crew injured, including myself.
“For what seemed like an eternity … many miracles occurred during and after the attack. The only weapons we had were 50 caliber machine guns, and they were built as the French Mirage Peashooter cons that attacked Liberty … we were not ready for any type of attack at all. The element of surprise to them.
“I had survived the attack, but the worst was yet to come, as five torpedo boats were bearing down on us, with one in the head, and we were on the ground. One found its mark. It was the second surprise that I was exposed that day, the first survivors of the attack by jet aircraft.
“The success rate of Liberty near amidships on the starboard side torpedo and I was about ten meters from the explosion. There were a couple of walls between the blast and for me, but they were such as paper, several tonnes of TNT, which tore the guts of Liberty. What had been a number of topics have been turned into a large room in no time. I was immediately immersed in seawater, and he was quickly to the point where it would be my head in a short period of time, and although I could be swimming will soon be full, and there would be no place to go . The trap, which was closed on the bridge, and persistent downward, and if my life was completely back to what God would do. Just before the compartment was open the hatch was flooded over me, opened to leave as many of us as possible out of there before we become part of his tomb. This was the third miracle that I saw that day, but there was more to come, and I was getting on the main deck, I slipped and because water and blood, which was flooded in each round.
“The miracle happened when I fourth was exposed to machine gun on the main deck, and yet still remained alive, and there was more to come. Every antenna we had was shot to pieces, except one, and it was never really works well. One of the radio operator told me he has tried repeatedly to call for help, and finally, when he noticed that all the antennas have been shot, he who had always been wrong, and when necessary, it worked. You could call the Sixth Fleet, and inform them of our situation through an antenna, which had almost never worked. The fifth miracle had occurred.
“The attack was two hours or more left, but it seems that few minutes. The captain told us we had lost our seats, we would have to go back and manually steer the ship. We have make progress and were completed on time for the island of Malta, and the dry dock. He was abducted nearly a thousand miles, and we were with a ship that was forty feet of forty hole in its side, fire, and full of holes.
“Freedom has been set at one minute, but we could be one thousand miles of sailing without incident, and it was the wonder of the sixth day. I was part of the crew who went down there to identify the deceased and I know that God gave me the strength to go and do what was expected of me. Suffice it to say rather than in terms that only men have been strengthened, and God himself could enter the dark area below.
“For there is nothing hidden that will not be obvious, not hidden that is not known.” Luke 0:02 -
More:
USS Liberty Home Page:
http://www. gtr5. com /
Operation Cyanide, Peter Hounam, 2003
Archive for June, 2010
Remember Liberty
Tuesday, June 29th, 2010March Madness on Capitol Hill (and I Don’t Mean Basketball)
Friday, June 25th, 2010Well, I had a very exciting week. First, the team hosted here, hundreds of advocacy meetings Associates kingdom of Congress for two different DC, in aircraft, both on March 11 took place. It would not be remarkable in itself, except that one of them took place in the Mayflower Hotel here in Washington, DC.
Yes, the Mayflower Hotel – the very one where Governor Spitzer, uh, “stayed” in February. So your servant has had the pleasure of the Mayflower departed the day the message. We have been inundated with phone calls and say in response to changes in the day that I have not heard the news I called my husband at 6:00 pm, without understanding, humor at all: “Well, I have my day The Mayflower and now I’m at home.
Really. That’s what I said. The silence at the other end of the line was deafening (though perhaps it was so strong that he could not speak laughs).
More important is the fact that 11 March was probably one of the busiest days I’ve ever seen on Capitol Hill. There were literally tens of thousands of supporters in the town all meetings of the research with their elected representatives. Unfortunately, many offices could not accommodate all requests easily, and some supporters were turned away.
From the viewpoint of the lawyer, I can certainly understand. It’s frustrating to come all the way to Washington, DC has learned that one of your representatives can not simply be to meet you. At the same time, as a former staff person with whom I share with congressional offices. Imagine if you will, hundreds of customers, clients, patients, supporters, employees – is also still there, that comes to you on a daily basis – to call you and say “Hi, I’m in City 10-2 on Thursday. I meet you and I will not take no for an answer. “Many people we spoke this week in this situation, no matter how much they wanted, there was no way fit hundreds of people in a period of four hours.
Frankly, spelled the combination of a growing number of supporters present fly-ins with declining or stagnant staffing disaster of Congress. I think we need to be in a position not too long. How to avoid that part of the problem? Here are some ideas, interesting with the “Mars” theme (just to make things):
“Beware the Ides of March” (Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar), take the advice soothsayer and stay away from DC in early to mid March. I do not believe? The type of day the word lobby “in March 2008 DC” in the search engine of your choice – you’ll be surprised what you find. In the AMA, National Park recreation Association and the American Wind Energy Association, all shows in the sun in DC in early March. In fact, at the Mayflower on Monday and Tuesday, I saw the National Funeral Directors Association Americans for Tax Reform and implementation of their lobby day – I think it is right that nothing is more sure death and taxes.
“Mars is like a lion and leaves like a lamb” Even the transport of your event in April, the programming can mitigate Crunch. The groups holding events in April, May, September and October tend to be lengthy meetings and a vigorous response from the employees. “But wait, you think,” our group has funding issues. Did we not be here in March? “First, there are more opportunities to get to your message as a single DC Fly-In (see note below). Surely you want to contact your people early in the cycle of credit. Fortunately, there are dozens of how to do it without you drag all DCs. Secondly: When was the last Congress was seen actually meet its self-imposed budget limits resources /? I am here for twenty years and I have not seen that happen.
“March to the beat of a Different Drummer” Fly-ins are great, but not limited to meetings of the Capitol that the main (or only) advocacy effort of the year. Take the example of the American Library Association, a day “virtual legislative” for members of the ALA should not receive DC to lobby on their May Day. Library supporters across the country are asked to contact representatives elected from their constituencies while their cohorts are from DC. Or take a page from the book Game of National Public Radio. They work with Congress to explain to April, “Public Radio Recognition Month” and coordination of a DC Fly-in public radio stations and district activities during the month. This one-Two Punch “approaches are used to raise your voice on Capitol Hill – even during the high season.
“Our life is March weather, savage and serene one hour” (Ralph Waldo Emerson): You do not like the weather in March? Wait a minute, this will change. The same is true of Capitol Hill. Political alliances, perspectives and positions are constantly being developed. If you are not completely with the answers you by your elected representatives are always happy to continue to be polite, firm and persistent – you may be able to change his mind again!
“Mad as a March Hare (Alice in Wonderland): Sometimes people in Washington, DC It seems as mad as March hares. If you’re wondering if you found accidentally fallen into the rabbit hole into a fantasy world, it is time to step back and realize that some things are beyond your control. Events can surpass even the best planned lobbying day, so you try to supporters, coherent policy meetings, while more important things in everyone’s mind gas prices or snowstorms or games in fancy hotels.
Please watch our “Mars” ideas on how to march “on and counsel” – even though, as one lawyer told me recently, which applies only to March 4. Ha-ha.
The Separation Of Church And State Agenda
Tuesday, June 22nd, 2010Most discussions against the role of Christianity in the United States arising from the abyss of ignorance so profound that it is unfathomable. You can throw rocks ceaselessly into the abyss of intellectual darkness without ever hearing a low blow
In conversation with certainty, insisted the people of our constitutionally guaranteed separation of church and state. Clueless, they do not recognize their claims and their obvious self-satisfaction of the note, it is easy, they never read the Constitution and the absence of any knowledge of what he says.
The media often on this “fact” of separation and the call to report professional journalism. The politically correct term to engage in, serious discussions on the basis of this lie. How can mature, at least in time, people are so closely with a statement so obviously wrong?
Can you say “agenda?”
The authors of the Constitution clearly intended to be Christianity’s influence on this nation. For example, the Constitution explicitly provides for a Christian chaplain for each branch of Congress. Chaplains are paid at each session with prayer and offer advice to members of the body to open. Would the authors of the Constitution a provision of the great importance they provided to the Christian faith, a determination to endure during the life of this nation, say attached to perpetuate religion could then plays no role in our national leadership ?
A simple reading of the Constitution provides other examples. The Constitution is not so long that even the sound of words, promoter Duck separation could not read. And if they want to know the First Amendment, they argue that their concept of separation, the Library of Congress has collected some preliminary considerations on the creation of the Declaration of Rights, the Governor Morris, who was present throughout the process writing. Man could he lift his eyes.
The “separation of church and state phrase” came the letter from Thomas Jefferson to the Association of Baptist Sunday School in Danbury, Connecticut. However, the letter is not about keeping Christian influence government, but the federal government does not intervene in the free exercise of religion. Jefferson did not generally comment on the Bill of Rights, because in France at the time not to participate in its creation.
To begin with information about the real attitude of Thomas Jefferson’s Christianity, he considers the three school systems in DC and Virginia. The required texts for each school system were the Bible, the Book of Watts hymns and a reading primer. These books, he says, are the basis of a good education.
So there is no separation of Church and State, and Thomas Jefferson lived and supported the Christian faith. Oliver Stone could not resist.
But there’s more! Not content to expose their lack of knowledge constitutional Pilot agenda, according to parade his ignorance of history. Professor Mark’s beard, pontificate, he has been in their delusion that the U.S. has never wanted to be a Christian nation. You must put aside all our founding documents in order to draw this, of course, but whatever.
Maybe they should check the security of the platform where they keep it as a profoundly historical documents prove the falsity of their claim.
According to the Congressional Record, the first session of the Congress of the United States began with several hours of Bible study and prayer. All members attended. The practice of starting each meeting with prayer and Bible study lasted for years. You can view it.
U.S. Government buildings are full of biblical quotations, architectural details and statues. Arrival of a proceeding, the Supreme Court building, completed in 1935 for his many references to the Ten Commandments.
In addition, in the early days were of the Republic, attended Christian church services in nearly all federal buildings in Washington While President Thomas Jefferson held services in the House. When he decided the music needed more energy, he commanded the Marine Band play every Sunday.
And President Jefferson sent missionaries to the Indians, and if government money to build churches, so that Indians can enjoy more fullness of life. The story tells of the missionaries were well received, and the arrangement suited all parties. You can see everything.
It is clear that the Constitution does not mention a separation of church and state. History proves that the U.S. was founded as a Christian nation. And the real Thomas Jefferson does not like the patron saint of those who seek to remove God from the life of this nation. Why is this going?
The truth is on the side of angels, and not on the agenda.
Riveting team working on the cockpit shell of a B-25 [i.e. C-47] bomber at the plant of North American Aviation, Inc., Inglewood [i.e. Douglas Aircraft Co., Long Beach], Calif. (LOC)
Friday, June 18th, 2010
Image taken on 1940-01-01 00:00:00 by The Library of Congress.
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Tuesday, June 15th, 2010The Library of Congress list of subject headings was to assist in machine-readable form since 1986, holds the last cataloging. Problems related to the allocation of posts for some time there, though. The tests are again and again to solve the problems, but sometimes problems can take years to resolve. For example, even if it is associated with several access points to catalog records, only one position is known as the entry “main” and AACR2r believes that the rule now. The Paris Principles, which is based on Seymour Lubetzky draft a code of 1960 is largely responsible for the election AACR2r the name of the author, as the first choice for the main entrance instead. And, although the main entrance is based on the author, a definition for the term of copyright has never been well defined. An author may be the editor of the work or even the advanced collector. Authors magazines, reports and debates could also societies, countries or cities. AA 1908 and ALA 1941, the draft similar descriptions of ambiguous authorship. ALA 1949 defines the authority, in addition to the artist and composer, a corporation, compiler or editor, photographer and cartographer.
Before 1967, the ALA has been the attitude of rigid Paul S. Dunkin explained that the position of the author’s name is correct, regardless of what the other person’s name in passing. Someone searching Mark Twain would, for example, to search for Clemens, Samuel Langhorne have. With the authority record of authors with only a limited number in search of a person sometimes been difficult in previous years 1967th
The development of cataloging codes has given us AACR2r with which conflicts are resolved, and many agreements have been made, submitted. Lots to do, but much remains to cataloging rules are sufficient for large collections of today. Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is a bibliographic model that includes both the traditional and the growing number of digital objects. Plans for a new edition of AACR (AACR3) have been underway for years, and as a step in this direction have already made proposals to AACR2, revise them to understand the FRBR concepts, terms and duties of users.
The IFLA FRBR was published in 1998 reflects the restructuring of the catalog database to the conceptual structure of information sources. Its importance is due to the increasing need to reduce the costs of cataloging stresses, and because new forms of electronic publishing have been housed. Increased interoperability in the world is becoming more noticeable in libraries and FRARE FRBR (Functional Requirements for Authority Records and References) will be more involved in the cataloging rules. FRBR improved searching capabilities to end users through co-location of a collection more complete and accurate elements, with the support of the Semantic Web, a framework that enables the sharing, community boundaries, “one-stop “offers information retrieval.
New products will also be developed which focus on the needs of students as well as consumer information. RedLightGreen by Research Libraries Group (RLG) is a product in its experimental phase, which focused on the needs of the student. We try to be above the library OPAC to alert the user to the nearest library with the title searched, and allows the user to reuse the bibliographic information in a variety of standard citations in bibliographies and footnotes use. RedLightGreen may include offers from online booksellers like Amazon, Borders and Barnes & Noble. FRBR vision for the future will bring even the first user to provide collocation and differentiation of units that are meaningful to users.
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Archival Practices in the Age of Computers and the Copyright Act
Tuesday, June 8th, 2010As a general theme in cataloging in the last century, and the integration of cataloging the species were of great importance. A cave of cataloging that has over the years is closed, the library catalogs and archives. Michael Gorman, author of “Cataloging in the Electronic Age”, examines the gap between these systems and noted that the two met in the last of cataloging rules. This harmonization, he explains, should be used for different parts of the American Memory Project, and other digital archives. His concern, not unlike many in the field of cataloging, is eligible for the integration of different methods of organization, together, to allow archiving of Internet content.
The American Memory Project has developed a digital artifact section of the Library of Congress chose to make collections widely available in electronic form. This is the subject of many librarians encouraged today because the idea of cataloging and archiving the Internet is a source of intrigue for years. The scope of this idea has been extended in recent years that include large areas of the Web. Not knowing what to do and how you should do in such a large scale, catalogers and librarians at a loss, as the years pass, the greater concern arises for information that may be lost forever.
Although it was understood from the beginning that it would be impossible to catalog all over the Internet, was that the Internet Resource Bank should be much more accepted to be cataloged. Added Unlike conventional materials, the inventory of websites size grows at an incredible speed. A librarian has the task of organizing information for retrieval and use, but there are certain things that act as a barrier to the catalog of typical behaviors. On the one hand, the quality and stability of the Internet information from a variable level.
A natural consequence of the instability in the online environment, the desire for digital equipment is stored and archived. According to Michael Gorman, the beliefs of a few people are optimistic about the idea that governments and private companies to ensure the survival of the Internet, digital documents, concentrated. He responds by saying that the cost and feasibility of such systems boggle the mind and defy credulity. Funding has been obtained, however, in the amount of $ 100,000,000 for the Library of Congress, a national policy on digital preservation of materials important to the spiritual significance of the country that are in digital format to generate a pass.
Another example comes from the Internet Archive Web Archiving Consortium UK. The group is the archiving of websites in the UK, some in order to test the results. 6,000 pages were selected for their historical and cultural significance. Magnus project aims to research the average life span of web pages to extend from 44 days to about a century.
With all the programs and data management, hardware considerations are also necessary for long-term storage, but for the preservation of digital files. The viewer, reader, and players need as much attention. The file formats, hardware platforms and operating system, formats change with great regularity. Software vendors have only recently begun to focus their attention on the long-term preservation software. The obstacles lie not only on the physical side of the problem, but also legally. In 1998, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, it is increasingly difficult to legally a scanned copy of the data. Since the long-term preservation is expensive, and the growth of digital information extends beyond the resources necessary for employment, websites archive access can be restricted for a period of time unknown.
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How to Read a Library of Congress Call Number (University of Arkansas Libraries)
Friday, June 4th, 2010
Having difficulties finding your library book on its shelf? This video will describe the format and use of Library of Congress call numbers.
From Microfiche to the Machine-readable Catalog
Tuesday, June 1st, 2010Microfiche catalogs were similar to book and card catalogs, but you can put a lot of information in a small space. It worked, as he saved the images from the movie information and allow access to their information boss with the help of a magnifying machine. This form allows much more information in a small quantity to be stored, but the machines are generally limited in number and prevent many people can use simultaneously.
computerized catalogs first appeared in bookstores in the early 1980s, when more sophisticated users was available. This form of cataloging is easy to update when new materials are introduced into the library and use of the Internet itself clients can access the catalogs of other libraries that you are catalogs. Libraries with small operating budgets are struggling to raise the funds necessary to convert the existing catalogs in electronic catalogs. And since the advent of the Internet, many libraries allow customers to access the online library catalog and even take books home.
Assyrian king Ashurbanipal had a library of almost 25,000 tablets. It was British Columbia in the 600th A complex system of organization was for the tablets to see developed for the users what they wanted. Tablets of different shapes have been used to distinguish between the records of credit and agricultural production. Different rooms were used for different disciplines. Geography is, for example, in a room while astronomy is another. To better organize the contents of the library have been colored with a marking system of classification, key words in the first line of text are used.
In the second century AD, Callimachus (employee of the famous Library of Alexandria) has developed a classification system Pinaki 10 main categories and alphabetically within each category for products of the author’s name took place. At the end of the third century AD, Rome had about 30 semi-public libraries. The collections were first on the language of the subject. The third way in which it was organized by the author in alphabetical order.
The Library of Congress, Herbert Putnam, wanted to do something to standardize procedures for interlibrary loan and decided to launch a distributed program, cataloging cards in libraries as mentioned above. It was during his time in Congress from 1899 to 1939 and made the job of the librarian is easier, more efficient and more accurate.
It was not until the 1960s, libraries began to automate their internal processes. Founded in 1966, a special project of Machine Readable Catalog (MARC), electronic versions of the card catalog. A revised system has been widely used until 1972 and was called MARC II, this automated system to keep records of the library not only internal library is a great silent operation, but also saved a lot of time, exchange of cooperative cataloging. Organizations out of the habit of working together as the Center of the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC), the Research Library Information Network (RLIN) and the University of Toronto Library Automation System (UTLAS). These groups are networked and automated systems implemented, which seems to benefit only a few libraries.
The University of California has found a huge Melvyl Online Public Access Catalog called in 1981, who was present when the first library catalog, began catalogs are available on computers. Previously, librarians had to be specially trained in the use of catalogs to computers. These systems have been evaluated as online public catalogs (OPAC). These systems now sport the ability to respond to all four catalogs a single card for the author, title, subject search, call number and shelf list. Another option is not available in the old card catalogs is the ability to search by keywords. Fans can also easily detect if an item has been checked and, if so, when the issue is back.
Already in the 1960s, researchers had access to electronic databases of abstracts and publication of data collections of the library that have been called according to abstracts and indexing (A & I) database. In the 1970s, the online databases has been great through commercial providers are available. The databases are the information retrieval service dialogue (dialogue), the National Library of Medicine Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) and the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).
Since the mid-1980s began to place databases on CD-ROM and sold. Since the Internet is only for the government and the scientific community largely libraries to access the Internet until the late 1990s have been denied. In 1996, about 25 percent of libraries offered its clients access to the Internet to nearly 75 percent compared to 1999.
Some libraries have found no existing classification system that serves their needs adequately. The Mathematics Subject Classification has been developed to organize the libraries of advanced mathematical organizations, because the material has more power to identify it as the current classification.
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